Unit 3 Study Guide
Bio 2420 Intro to Microbiology
R. Rohde
After
completing Chapter 13, you should be able to:
1.
Define the following terms:
a. Normal flora
h. Symbiosis
b. Resident flora
i.
Disease
c. Transient flora
j.
Adhesins
d. Opportunists
e. Commensalism
f. Mutalism
g. Parasitism
2.
For each of the following sites,
describe the environment and name some of the representative
microflora found there:
a. Skin
e. intestinal
tract
b. Conjunctivae
f.
vagina
c. Nasal cavity and nasopharynx g. urethra
d. Mouth
3.
How do commensals benefit/harm us?
4.
What are our nonspecific surface
defenses? Strutural defenses? Mechanical defenses? Biochemical defenses?
Define the following terms:
a. Infection
f.
Fomite
b. Reservoir g. Phagocytosis
c. Zoonosis
h. Surface
proteins
d. Communicable
i.
Toxins
e. Vector
j.
Portal of entry, exit
5.
What are the challenges that face
pathogens? Be able to explain each challenge.
6.
Describe how pathogens are
transmitted by the various means....ie. repiratory droplets, parenteral
means, etc.
7.
Compare the properties of endotoxins
and exotoxins, giving examples of each.
8.
Define epidemiology and explain its
importance to nosocomial infections.
9.
Define the following terms:
a. Epidemic
g. Carriers
b. Endemic
h. Morbidity
c. Pandemic
i. Mortality
d. Acute
j. Attenuated
e. Chronic
k. prophylaxis
f. CDC
l.
Antitoxin
After
completing Chapter 14, you should be able to:
1.
Define the following terms:
a. Inflammation
d. Interferon
b. Chemotaxis
e. Lymphatic
system
c. Complement
f.
Oposins
2.
What are the body's 3 lines of
defense? What is the difference between nonspecific and specific defenses? Name the 4 major nonspecific 2nd line
defenses.
3.
Briefly describe the steps in
inflammation. What are inflammatory
mediators...give examples.
4.
Describe the mechanism of
phagocytosis and its role in nonspecific defense.
5.
Name the 5 kinds of leukocytes and
explain their main functions.
After
completing Chapter 15, you should be able to:
1.
Describe the difference between
foreign and self antigens.
2.
Explain the antigen-antibody
specificity.
3.
Name the 5 classes of
immunoglobulins (Ig), rank, and function of each.
4.
Explain the role of complement in
the immune system.
5.
Compare and contrast humoral and
cellular immunity. Distinguish between innate
and acquired immunity B include active vs. passive and artificial vs. natural.
6.
Define the following:
a. Antibody
e. immunology
b. Antigen
f. Haptene
c. Leukocyte
g. NK
cells
d. Opsonins
h. MHC
7. List the types of vaccines and give examples of each. Compare and contrast active and passive
immunizations.
After
completing Chapter 16, you should be able to:
1.
Distinguish between immunity and
hypersensitivity. Between immediate and
delayed hypersensitivity and provide examples of each type.
2.
Describe autoimmune diseases,
including examples.
3.
Describe immunodefiecient diseases,
including examples.
4. Be able to list some of the immunological techniques and how they function in the laboratory.
After
completing Chapter 17, you should be able to:
1. Why do specimens need to be taken aseptically even when nonsterile sites are being sampled and selective media are to be used?
2. Discuss the differences between a genotypic, phenotypic and immunological method of disease identification.
3. What does seropositivity mean? A false positive? A false negative? Serum titers?
4. Why is speed so important in the clinical laboratory? What is a Clinical Laboratory Scientist?
***Each chapter in the textbook, student study guide, and my website notes section has additional review questions and study hints!!